Control Mechanisms of Wal-Mart Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Control Mechanisms of Wal-Mart - Case Study Example This made the role of middle men in supply chain activities, as an employee in Wal-mart. After that Wal-mart brought a far larger group of potential consumers within reach of the small commercial centers. This resulted in the control mechanism of building the efficient warehouses necessary for discount operations as part of transactional strategic investments. This can be termed as the control mechanism of buying products from producers directly as the warehousing involves storing the goods economically. (Nelson Lichtenstein, 2005) The control mechanisms that implement the aspects mentioned in part A can be divided into price, integration, contract and trust developed with communication. These involve internal audit, external audit, market control and financial control. The internal audit of the Wal-mart involves asset protection. The auditors concentrate on making inventory process efficient in and over the USA. The loss due to shrink, theft and any types of losses or damages are calculated and communicated to the store management to minimize the problems. There are 11 locations of internal audit in USA. (http://walmart.feedroom.com/fr_story=FEEDROOM119269&rf=rss) The external audit of Wal-mart is responsible for consolidated annual financial statements and so the external auditor. This financial reporting will be according to legally accepted accounting standards. The observation process involves the closed door meetings of the management with external auditors. The external auditors have reasonable independence on preparing the financial statements to make company's transactions transparent. The financial statements prepared by external auditors will be presented to shareholders. (Hector M, 2002) The market control mechanisms of Wal-mart involve the cost cuts and global supply chain. It controls the market by opening large scale supermarkets that sell at low cost and by partnering with local retailers. It establishes its presence in the large retail markets by opening stores that sell the products less than the prevailing prices. It concentrates on increasing profit and sales by decreasing the purchasing costs and profit percentage. In every location the gigantic stores of Wal-mart are a success. (http://i.walmart.com/maint/) The financial control of Wal-mart involves reducing organizational debt and in course of time making the organization debt free. This is possible by maintaining enough cash flows for short term debts and partnering with local partners to establish new stores in new locations that minimize the credit taken from financial organizations. (http://i.walmart.com/maint/) Part C The above mentioned execution of control mechanisms shows effect on planning, organizing, controlling and leading of Wal-mart in its activities. These activities are concentrated in enhancing the exploration of supply chain management by using information systems. This resulted in application of information systems to support supply chain management in order to strengthen the control mechanisms. In the course of implementation only the information systems are being reengineered but not the business processes. This means the business processes dictate the information systems to be used. The business processes are planned keeping in view satisfaction of end user and the relationship of retailer with supplier. By focusing on developing adaptive networks the customer

Chocolate Market Essay Example for Free

Chocolate Market Essay Discover the latest market trends and uncover sources of future market growth for the Chocolate Confectionery industry in United Kingdom with research from Euromonitors team of in-country analysts. Find hidden opportunities in the most current research data available, understand competitive threats with our detailed market analysis, and plan your corporate strategy with our expert qualitative analysis and growth projections. If youre in the Chocolate Confectionery industry in United Kingdom, our research will save you time and money while empowering you to make informed, profitable decisions. The Chocolate Confectionery in United Kingdom market research report includes: * Analysis of key supply-side and demand trends * Detailed segmentation of international and local products * Historic volumes and values, company and brand market shares * Five year forecasts of market trends and market growth * Robust and transparent market research methodology, conducted in-country Our market research reports answer questions such as: * What is the market size of Chocolate Confectionery in United Kingdom? * What are the major brands in United Kingdom? * What are market opportunities for health and wellness minded dark chocolate? * What are market opportunities for ethically sourced chocolate? * How might increasingly volatile cocoa bean commodity prices impact retail prices and sales performance? Sample Analysis * Chocolate confectionery sales are expected to grow by 6% in value and 1% in volume terms in 2011. The industry continues to be affected by food price inflation that includes rising prices for ingredients such as cocoa, milk and sugar. The value growth for the category stems mainly from unit price increases of 5% to  £8.80 per kg. The unrest in the Ivory Coast is also seen as a reason for fluctuating cocoa prices; however other sources such as Ghana tend to compensate for supply deficiency from the Ivory Coast. * Cadbury UK Ltd continued to lead chocolate confectionery in 2010, accounting for 31% of value sales. The acquisition by Kraft Foods Inc, in February 2010, did not seem to hinder retail sales of Cadbury UK Ltd’s brands. In September 2010, the company announced the launch of Cadbury Dairy Milk Bliss. The new chocolate is a tablet targeted at women. The launch was supported by a  £2.2 million advertising campaign. The company also continued its revamp of old favourites to maintain the retro trend it started with the revival of Wispa. It repackaged its Starbar and Picnic countlines in November 2010. The company trialled cardboard boxes for its Cadbury’s Roses during Christmas 2010; however it has confirmed that it is not going to revamp the packaging fully to cardboard as tin boxes for Cadbury’s Roses are seen as a Christmas tradition. * Chocolate confectionery is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 4% in constant value terms and 1% in volume terms over the forecast period. Consumers will continue to eat chocolate confectionery products as a treat and will choose chocolate to indulge. With both the government and consumers cautious about obesity in the UK, low calories and portion-controlled offerings will be welcomed by the marketplace.

Changing Gender Roles - The Battle of the Sexes Continues Essay

It is the war of all wars. It’s lasted longer than all the ancient wars, the world wars, and the civil wars of all nations put together. The battle lines have been clearly drawn and the two sides have never rested while on the battlefield. It is the famed â€Å"battle of the sexes† and it is anything but resolved. The war has been happening for a long time, but now it seems to have hit a point where the world wonders what to do now. This is due to the current changes in gender roles which are manipulating society and changing relationships. These changes are both negative and positive; many advances have been made with women finding equality with men, but have traditional values been underestimated? It is a highly controversial and complicated subject that affects virtually all members of society. In order to understand some of the opinions on the topic of gender roles and relationships, it is necessary to understand the definitions of some words as they will be used in this essay. First there are many definitions for the term â€Å"gender.† However, in this paper the words sex and gender will be used interchangeably and refer simply to male and female. Also important to note is that while society has more options than a male and female relationship, the emphasis in this essay is only on heterosexual relationships and the way they are perceived in society. By keeping these basic definitions and ideas in mind, one can understand that the word â€Å"role† refers to the individual’s place in society and position within a relationship. Along with this, the â€Å"traditional roles† would be defined as women being the homemakers while men being the main breadwinners. When labeling traditional roles dealing with dating and rel... ...ana. â€Å"Dating Among College Student Is All But Dead, Survey Finds.† The Chronicle of Higher Education Aug. 10, 2001: 51. Academic Universe. Lexis Nexis. EBSCO Publishing. Colorado State University Lib. Apr. 2003 http://lib.colostate.edu/databases/> Piper, John. What’s the Difference? Manhood and Womanhood Defined According to the Bible. Wheaton: Crossway Books, 1991. Wentworth, Diane Keyser. â€Å"The Role of Househusband and Housewife as Perceived by a College Population.† The Journal of Psychology 2001 (135): 639-650. Academic Search Premeir. EBSCO Publishing. Colorado State University Lib. Mar. 2003 http://lib.colostate.edu/databases/> William, Armstrong. â€Å"Colliding Bodies.† The Washington Times Aug. 11, 2001. Academic Universe. Lexis Nexis. EBSCO Publishing. Colorado State University Lib. Mar. 2003 http://lib.colostate.edu/databases/>

Self-Managed Work Teams

SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS Class: Human Resource Management November 29th, 2012 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION___________________________________________________________1 SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS DICIPLINES_________________________________2 LEADING A SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS_________________________________5 THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL TEAMS AND SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS____________________________________________________________6 SUCCESS FACTORS OF SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS______________________8 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS____10CONCLUSION___________________________________________________________13 REFERENCES____________________________________________________________14 INTRODUCTION: Self-managed work teams are work teams that are given permission to organize and control the work that they do. Self-managed work teams are independent and interdependent as the self-managed work teams itself is independent while the members are interdependent. The team is self-regul ating, operating with few external controls. Team members determine schedules, procedures and the need to make adjustments.Self-managed work teams delegates specific responsibility and decision-making authority to the team itself, it is expected that the individual will set their own goals, monitor progress, adjust behavior to increase the chances of attaining goals and in some instances even self-reward or punishment comparing to the traditional work team, in where it is control completely by the management. By Self-managed work teams, each independent is given freedom and responsibility to accomplish tasks in an efficient way as the main idea of self-managed work teams is positional authority.By adopting self-managed work teams, the individuals can create synergy through the contribution of several team members all engaged on the same task, while psychological well-being arises through increased opportunities for interaction between team members and involvement in job-related deci sion making. In general, self-managed teams have considerable discretion over: * The work done and setting team goals * How work is achieved – which processes are used and how work is scheduled * Internal performance issues – distributing the work and the contribution made by each member of the team * Decision making and problem solving.SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS DICIPLINES: In order for an organization that wanted to establish and achieve the self-managed work teams from the traditional teams, there are disciplines of the self-managed work teams that need to be follow. These disciplines are a set of skills, approaches, insights, and practices that are not typically mastered by more conventional teams. As the disciplines itself, is evolutionary rather than revolutionary, the teams need to move toward self-management along a continuum from â€Å"other-directed† to becoming self-directed.By mastering the self-managed work team’s disciplines, it is the main key to achieve and understand the concept of self-managed work teams itself. These disciplines also ensure the long-term success of the teams. A self-managed work teams discipline consists of: * Establish & Communicate the Boundaries of Team Authority: Aside from defining the boundaries of the team authority, a self-managed work teams must clearly communicate to its members, to the steering committee, to other teams, and to the entire organization the specific boundaries of its ole and authority. When a self-managed work teams can’t uphold its communication it can cause a self-destruction, as it fail to negotiate a clear and agreed-upon charter up-front. Aside, to maintain the communication between members, a consistent measurement or checking is required to ensure its relevancy. * Develop Cross-Functional Skills or Knowledge: Another difference of self-managed work teams and conventional team is that all members of the team are intimately familiar with all of the tasks done wit hin the team.All members on a self-managed work teams must not only understand the variety of jobs and tasks performed within the team, they must also have the capability to perform each of these jobs or tasks. Training all team members in each other's tasks is an important component of the self-managed work teams skill or practice set. * Develop Critical Thinking Skills: A self-managed work teams must critically evaluate its role in the organization, its charter, and its goals, its evolving norms of behavior, its performance, its successes and others.A self-managed work teams must always examining its processes, its environment and its results. The skills of critical thinking include identifying our mental models or assumptions, challenging the â€Å"context† within which the team operates imagining and exploring alternative realities, and becoming â€Å"reflectively skeptical. † * Become Self-Directed Learners: Conventional work teams often depend upon the learning p riorities set by management or the training office; self-managed work teams break this dependency and define for themselves what they need to know.Aside from learning their job, the team also learn to handle responsibility for identifying needed skills and knowledge essential for their and the company's long-term success. The team assumes full responsibility for exploring what they must know and master next year, and the year after that, and the year after that. The self-managed work teams’ works with the training office to discover new methods and approaches for learning what the team needs to become self-directed, long-term learners. * Manage Team Performance:Conventional teams may be involved in goal setting and performance evaluation, but management still plays a major role in molding these goals and in evaluating the team's performance. A self-managed work teams assumes full responsibilities for these tasks, the self-managed work teams, therefore, must be trained in the skills and knowledge of team performance management. This includes the skills of goal setting, establishing benchmark standards, evaluating performance against standards, developing plans for performance improvement. Manage Human Resources: In traditional work teams, management usually assumes the primary responsibility for defining needed positions, recruiting the right candidates, establishing criteria for evaluating the candidates, selecting the new worker, and orienting him or her to the job. Further, once the employee is on the job, management then monitors and evaluates the employee's performance and takes corrective action if required to improve performance. However, the self-managed work teams assume full responsibility for managing its human resources.Following guidelines established by the HR department, the self-managed work teams usually performs all of the functions that result in a new hire. It also assumes responsibility for resolving individual performance problems t hat occur when individual members don't meet team expectations. As a result, team members must learn to master such HR skills as recruiting and selecting new hires, monitoring individual performance, and then taking action to correct performance problems. While it might be true that SMWTs will approach performance problem solving quite differently than traditional management approaches (e. . , looking for cause not blame), the team must be capable of dealing with the team member who fails to work effectively with the team. This may even include the difficult task of disciplining or even terminating a team member. Although managing its human resources may be the hardest skill for the team to master, it is probably the most critical to the team's long-term success. Self-directed work teams, also known as self-managing teams, represent a revolutionary approach to the way work is organized and performed.Instead of organizing work based on the traditional Taylor model — reducing a process to individual steps — work becomes restructured around whole processes. There must be interdependence and joint responsibility for outputs if there is to be a self-directed work team. Whereas the traditional system reduces the required skill at every level of work, producing boredom in the bottom-level jobs, the new system integrates the needs of the people with the work to be done, and those closest to the jobs help design the job. LEADING A SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS:The leadership role in a self-managed team is very different from that of a team leader in a traditional hierarchical team such as a functional team. In a hierarchical team the team leader allocates work. In contrast, in a self-managed team, the leadership role involves taking on more of a supporting role, which includes identifying the long-term career and personal development needs of the team within the context of the overall organization. The team leadership role in a:| Hierarchical team| Self-managed team| The role is vested in one individual. | The role may be shared. | To manage the team. To support the team by providing (or arranging others to provide) coaching and advice. | To plan and allocate the work done by the team. | To agree, in discussion with the team, the standard of work and the aims, objectives and targets of the team. | To monitor and appraise the performance of team members in carrying out the tasks allocated to them. | To monitor the achievement of the team as a unit. To appraise individual performance. | To motivate the team members. | To provide the conditions for high motivation. | To act as the main contact point for communication between the team and the rest of the organisation. To facilitate the creation of channels of communication with the rest of the organisation. | THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CONVENTIONAL TEAMS AND SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS: In an organization, there are many types of work teams that is apply in the organization itself, each of the work teams have different structure and way of communication with their members. The differences of work teams’ structure * Managed Team: A group of people working together toward a common goal. The ‘what’ will happen, ‘where’ it will happen and ‘how’ it will happen is set by the organisation and/or the manager. Self-Managed Team: Is a group of people working together in their own way toward a common goal which is defined outside the team. The team decides their work schedule, in what order, when to deliver, how, to what standards, and by whom. * Self-Directed Team: A group of people working together in their own way toward a common goal which the team defines. They will perform all of the above but in addition also have input on recruitment to the team, training, compensation, performance management, discipline, and acts as a profit center by defining its own future.The difference of self-managed work teams with conventional teams is self-ma naged work teams complete an entire piece of work, whether it's a product, a service, or part of a large product of service. The team assigns tasks that individual team members perform. In other words, the team plans, organizes, and controls work activates with little or no direct involvement of a higher status supervisor. Self-managed work teams control most work inputs, flow, and output. Aside, they are responsible for correction work flow problems as they occur.On other words, the teams maintain their own quality and logistical control. Self-managed work teams receive team-level feedback and rewards. This recognizes and reinforces the fact that the team – not individuals – is responsible for the work, although team members may also receive individual feedback and rewards. Characteristics of a mature self-managed work teams SUCCESS FACTORS TOWARDS SELF-MANAGED WORK TEAMS: There are some factors that need to be considered by the organization as those factors are the s uccess factors towards self-managed work teams.When an organization neglects those factors, there is a high possibility that the organization will not achieve an effective self-managed work teams. * Learn: A key success factor for self-managed teams is to be open to, and continuously gather, information about how other self-managed teams are operating, through meetings and other forms of communication. These may be teams within the organization or within other organizations. Even if the self-managed teams learn about work in other organizations whose business is very different to the original organization, there may still be valuable lessons to learn.Aside, the organization should consider involving representatives of successful self-managed teams as mentors to the team, if possible. * Structure Just because a team is self-managed doesn't mean it can work with a nebulous structure where nobody is clear about who does what. There is a need to structure the team in the most efficient way. This will depend on the organization's business, the team's function and the individuals within it. Some self-managed teams work best where one member serves as a leader. Others are successful where all members are of equal status.However, the common success factor is that everyone is very clear about roles and accountability's within the team. * Achieve Most likely, a self-managed team will be endeavoring to achieve outcomes agreed with the organization's management team. However, within the team, each employee have different goals, like they wanted to try and achieve more than the agreed outcomes, as an indication that the self-managed team is functioning to a commendable level of efficiency and success. A self-managed team's achievements are particularly important where elements within the organization are dubious about the wisdom of implementing the teams. Evaluate Evaluation is an important part of a successful self-managed work teams. Just as in any organizational structu re, evaluation is the way of discovering to what extent aims and objectives have been achieved. A critical success factor of all self-managed teams is the ability to respond positively to evaluation, identify where improvements can be made and develop a plan to implement the changes needed to deliver them. ADVANTAGES VERSUS DISADVANTAGES: There is nothing perfect in a work teams, there are always limitations of it but aside of limitation, there are benefits of the work teams.The organization can decrease the impact of its limitation by improving in that certain weak area. The advantages of self-managed work teams are: * Job Satisfaction: With self-managed teams, employees have more job satisfaction because they are directly involved in the day to day running of a company and are more independent. This direct involvement helps them to identify more closely with a company's objectives. Employees also derive a sense of satisfaction from developing new decision-making and problem-solvin g skills and working as part of a close-knit team. Improved Productivity: According to â€Å"Business Week,† companies that use self-managed work teams are 30 to 50 percent more productive than those with a traditional hierarchy. This is because workers have a greater commitment to company goals when they are more closely involved in helping to achieve these goals. Having a greater share in the results ensures that teams quickly address a product's problems and defects and are sensitive to customers' needs and requests. Self-directed work teams have a wide range of skills because of the diverse backgrounds of individual members.This helps teams to develop innovative products and services and to take a creative approach to problem-solving. * Increased compatibility between employers and employees: Self-managed teams can relieve stress for the leader, who is then able to concentrate on other tasks. The team is mutually supportive and members learn from each other instead of app roaching the team leader for advice. * Commitment: Team members can become more involved in projects as a direct result of having increased autonomy and responsibility. * Motivation: Team members have shared or equal responsibility so members are accountable for their actions.The disadvantages of self-managed work teams are: * Extensive Training: Companies making the transition from a traditional management structure to self-managed work teams must invest considerable time and resources in training people in management skills. Training goes through several stages and this process can last between two and five years. Employees get additional training in providing customers service and satisfaction and must learn how to work effectively as part of a team. * Managing Managers: Managers may actively resist the concept of self-managed work teams because it makes their role effectively redundant.Organizations may have to offer additional professional training to managers before they can r eassign them to jobs that offer the same level of pay and status. Managers being reassigned need to receive highly specialized technical training. CONCLUSION: The introduction of employee empowerment through self-managed teams program can provide the necessary edge required to remain competitive in today's global market. However, no empowerment program can be successful in the long term if management does not take adequate steps before the program is introduced and utilize an adequate management strategy once the program has been initiated.The pre-program steps and the management strategy must be more than words on paper. Management must be sold on the idea of employee empowerment and develop a management strategy that fully supports the empowerment program or it will eventually fail. If management supports its self-managed teams, they will foster its success. In Asia itself, companies are not familiar with the terms of Self-Managed Work Teams as in Asia having a particular leader a re viewed as the best option in a management. There is still a high importance of hierarchy in the Asian society. REFERENCES: 1.Career Track, â€Å"Implementing self-directed work teams† (Newsletter, SV-No. 16), 1995, pp. 1-8. 2. Ankarlo, L. , â€Å"The best value in training†, Career Track, 1994, pp. 12-16. 3. Pett, T. and Miller, T. , â€Å"Employee empowerment: old wine in a new bottle†, Southwest Academy of Management, Proceedings, Mescon Group, Dallas, TX, March 1994, p. 153. 4. Fisher, K. , Leading Self-directed Work Teams, McGraw-Hill, Chesterfield, MO, 1994, pp. 1-26, 164-70. 5. Conger, J. A. and Kanungo, A. T. , â€Å"The empowerment process: integrating theory and practice†, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 13 No. 3, 1988, pp. 471-82. 6. Madonna, J. C. Allaire, P. A. and Drew, E. H. , â€Å"Leadership and empowerment for total quality†, The Conference Board, Vol. 24 No. 2, 1992, pp. 9-25. 7. Mears, P. and Voehl, F. , Team Building, St. Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL, 1994. 8. Dumaine, B. , â€Å"The trouble with teams†, Fortune, 5 September 1994, pp. 86-92. 9. Stokes, Jr and Stewart, L. , â€Å"IS without managers†, Information Strategy: The Executive's Journal, Fall 1991, pp. 11-15. 10. McKee, B. , â€Å"Turn your workers into a team†, Nation's Business, July 1992, pp. 36-8. 11. Barry, D. , â€Å"Managing the bossless team: lessons in distributed leadership†, Organizational Dynamics, Summer 1991, pp. 1-47. 12. Brucker, D. , â€Å"Spurring on reengineering†, Fortune, 26 June 1995, p. 15. 13. Sirkin, H. L. , â€Å"The employee empowerment scam†, Industry Week, 18 October 1993, p. 58. 14. Dean, J. and Evans, J. , Total Quality: Management, Organization, and Strategy. West Publishing Co. , St Paul, MN, 1994, pp. 197-26. 15. Overman, S. , â€Å"Saturn teams working and profiting†, HR Magazine, March 1995, pp. 72-4. 16. Grates, G. F. , â€Å"The subtlety and power of com munications in corporate renewal initiatives†, Public Relations Quarterly, Spring 1994, pp. 40-3. 17. Holpp, L. â€Å"Applied empowerment†, Training, February 1994, pp. 39-44. 18. Bowen, D. and Lawler, E. E. III, â€Å"The empowerment of service workers: what, why how, and when†, Management Review, Spring 1994, pp. 31-9. 19. Flanagan, P. , â€Å"IBM one day, Lexmark the next†, Management Review, January 1994, pp. 38-44. 20. Burrows, P. , â€Å"Playing ball without the coach†, Business Week, July 1993, p. 99. 21. Spanbauer, S. J. , â€Å"A quality system for education†, Quality, Vol. 6 No. 4, 1990, pp. 55-65. 22. Macher, K. , â€Å"Empowerment and the bureaucracy†, Training and Development Journal, September 1988, pp. 41-6. 23.Dumaine, B. , â€Å"Who needs a boss? â€Å", Fortune, 7 May 1990, pp. 52-60. 24. Caudron, S. , â€Å"Are self-directed teams right for your company? â€Å", Personnel Journal, December 1993, pp. 76-84. 25. Be nnett, S. , â€Å"Turnaround at Kodak Park†, Business Quarterly, Spring 1994, pp. 31-41. 26. Ferero, M. , â€Å"Self-directed work teams untax the IRS†, Personnel Journal, July 1994, pp. 66-71. 27. Wellins, R. , â€Å"Texas Instruments gets from here to there†, Training ; Development, June 1995, pp. 26-41. 28. Hopp, L. , â€Å"If empowerment is so good, why does it hurt? â€Å", Training, March 1995, pp. 53-7. 29. Stein, R. E. Next Phase of Total Quality Management, Marcel Dekker, Inc. , Boston, MA, 1994, pp. 103-23. 30. Pasmore, W. A. , â€Å"An approach to successful integration†, Self-Managing Work Teams, July/August 1994, pp. 15-23. 31. Andrews, G. , â€Å"Mistrust, the hidden obstacle to empowerment†, HR Magazine, September 1994, pp. 66-70. 32. Thibodeaux, M. and Faden, S. , â€Å"Organizational design for self-managed teams†, Industrial Management ; Data Systems, annual 1994, pp. 20-6. 33. Giordan, J. and Ahern, A. , â€Å"Self-mana ged teams: quality improvement in actions†, Research Technology Management, May/June 1994, pp. 33-5.

John Proctor Is a Good Man Essay

Many actions dignify the traits of a tragic hero, but only few stand out. In the tragedy The Crucible by Arthur Miller, a tragic hero dies a good man when brought to trial over nothing more than child’s play and dishonesty. John Proctor is an honest, upright, and blunt-spoken man because he fought for what is right and found forgiveness in his fatal flaw. Although he exhibits these traits throughout the story, John dies a dynamic character. Throughout the story, John expresses qualities of an honest man by defending his wife Elizabeth when she is accused of hurting Abigail. John defends Elizabeth† Herrick! Herrick don’t chain her† (page 177: Proctor) in many ways despite the hardship they have been going through with their marriage. With tension between the two because of John’s affair with Abigail, Elizabeth and John have been falling apart. However, in some divine way, John forfeits his good name when he tells the court of his affair. In doing so, John has lost what makes him honorable, but Elizabeth seeing this has brought new perspective upon her relationship with her husband. She forgave him. John doing the unimaginable to seek his wife’s forgiveness is a true example of a dynamic change throughout the story. Although John changed with his honesty, he also was an upright, blunt-spoken man. With this quote, â€Å"How do you call Heaven! Whore! Whore! † (Page 192: Proctor) John exhibits his personality and thought very bluntly towards Abigail because he knows what is right in this court case. In doing so, John brings the attention of this case to new and questioning points for Judge Danforth. However, these points soon became turned around with the compendious lies Abigail and the girls conspired about. Although John spoke his mind when it came to honesty about Elizabeth, he came to a point where he neede d something big to make Danforth see the truth. John revealed his sin to the courts of Salem. By him releasing his secret, Judge Danforth opened light to John’s objections. His actions may have brought him down in a way, but he still rose up to catch Abigail in her lies. John Proctor used his blunt-spoken mind to convey the truth to the courts and showed how he did change with how he saw other people such as Abigail. John Proctor expresses his honesty and blunt personality throughout the story, however when time did come to the end of the tragedy, he exposed another trait until his last breath of air. There is such thing of honor and it can be argued that John Proctor died without it. Or that he wasted his breath fighting for his and Elizabeth’s life. But, John Proctor expressed himself as an upright man. He proved many things with the case and even was awarded a second chance to live before he be hanged. Such a thing would not come of any honor but come of disgrace and embarrassment. He chose to die a man of his name with honor and pride because he knew what was right and knew he would not win† I say- I say- God is Dead!† (Page: 198: John Proctor). This quote means John has changed and come to conclusion of things in the story. Although he is portraying things as if Abigail was not lying, he knew he could not fight a losing war. As to him, it was better to die the man he knew himself for and a man of his own name. Even to the moment of impact, John felt peace and change with himself before he was hanged because he died and honest, upright, and blunt-spoken man.

Free Essays on All Choices have Consequences

All Choices have Consequences After decades of living the up’s and down’s of life I realized that I was not happy or satisfied with my life so far. I was either on top of the world doing well with what life had dealt me or was at the bottom. Each bottom was a little worse and got to the point that my life was miserable all the time. I ask myself, â€Å"Why is my life like this†? My life was a total wreck! Something had to change. At that point in my life I came to the realization that the problem was me! Since my choices and decisions appeared to be poorly made, I concluded that the first problem that needed immediate attention was irrational thinking. My thinking was not realistic. One example of thinking irrational was my childhood dream to be a successful businessman in the Oil and Gas Industry. This belief was top priority. I had neglected numerous responsibilities in my life trying to fulfill this belief. I believed that if I accomplished this belief all other priorities would be fulfilled to such as the money would take care of my happiness priority. My rationalizations and justifications were not really even close to being realistic. What I did not consider was the importance of the other priorities that I was neglecting. My first priority should have been having a close relationship with my only daughter, which was almost non-existent through her childhood and spending time with my family. Other priorities that were neglected were: responsibilities, happiness, health, education and religion. You could not convince me that my thinking was wrong and I was making the wrong choices. What is wrong with this picture? To complicate my life even more, I had a serious alcohol and drug problem. Of course you could not get me to admit this and I truly believed that I was just a social and occasional user. I started using at age fifteen. With little thoughts like: â€Å"Everyone is doing it, why not†, â€Å"Do you want t... Free Essays on All Choices have Consequences Free Essays on All Choices have Consequences All Choices have Consequences After decades of living the up’s and down’s of life I realized that I was not happy or satisfied with my life so far. I was either on top of the world doing well with what life had dealt me or was at the bottom. Each bottom was a little worse and got to the point that my life was miserable all the time. I ask myself, â€Å"Why is my life like this†? My life was a total wreck! Something had to change. At that point in my life I came to the realization that the problem was me! Since my choices and decisions appeared to be poorly made, I concluded that the first problem that needed immediate attention was irrational thinking. My thinking was not realistic. One example of thinking irrational was my childhood dream to be a successful businessman in the Oil and Gas Industry. This belief was top priority. I had neglected numerous responsibilities in my life trying to fulfill this belief. I believed that if I accomplished this belief all other priorities would be fulfilled to such as the money would take care of my happiness priority. My rationalizations and justifications were not really even close to being realistic. What I did not consider was the importance of the other priorities that I was neglecting. My first priority should have been having a close relationship with my only daughter, which was almost non-existent through her childhood and spending time with my family. Other priorities that were neglected were: responsibilities, happiness, health, education and religion. You could not convince me that my thinking was wrong and I was making the wrong choices. What is wrong with this picture? To complicate my life even more, I had a serious alcohol and drug problem. Of course you could not get me to admit this and I truly believed that I was just a social and occasional user. I started using at age fifteen. With little thoughts like: â€Å"Everyone is doing it, why not†, â€Å"Do you want t...

Masaccio compared to Fillipo Lippi essays

Masaccio compared to Fillipo Lippi essays Fra Filippo Lippi was born in Florence in 1406. His parents were Antonia and Tommaso Lippi. He had a family of his own. His wife named Lucrezia who was born 1433 and was a nun for the church before she met Fra Lilippo Lippi. And he had a son and daughter. His son Fillipino was born in 1457. And he too later in his life began to paint and was known as a great painter like his father. And his daughter named Alessandra who was born in 1465. She was the youngest of Filippo. Masaccio was born in San Giovanni Altura which is now San Giovanni Valdarno, near Florence on December 21, 1401 which was the very beginning of the fourteenth century. He was the first great painter of the Italian Renaissance. Masaccio was called Clumsy Thomas because of his clumsiness. He owes his Christian name to St. Thomas on whose saints day he was baptized. He was an absent minded and careless person. Which was probably the reason he never had a family of his own. His father was Giovanni di Mone Cassai a nott ary by profession. Cassai comes from the trade of his fathers family who were carpenters who build chests. Masaccios father died in 1406 when he was only five years old, and in the same year his brother Giovanni was born. And his mother was Monna Jacopa di Martinozzo. Later Masaccios mother remarried to Tedesco del Maestro Feo, widower like herself and much older than she was. The stepfather, a well-to-do spice merchant, guaranteed Masaccio and his family a very comfortable childhood. ...

Learn About Anaïs Nin, Novelist, Diarist

Learn About Anaà ¯s Nin, Novelist, Diarist Anais Nin was born Angela Anais Juana Antolina Rosa Edelmira Nin y Culmell in France on February 21, 1903 and died on January 14, 1977​. Her father was the composer Joaquin Nin, who grew up in Spain but was born in and returned to Cuba. Her mother, Rosa Culmell y Vigaraud, was of Cuban, French, and Danish ancestry. Anais Nin moved to the United States in 1914 after her father deserted the family. In the United States she attended Catholic schools, dropped out of school, worked as a model and dancer, and returned to Europe in 1923. Anais Nin studied psychoanalysis with Otto Rank and briefly practiced as a lay therapist in New York. She studied the theories of Carl Jung for a time as well. Finding it difficult to get her erotic stories published, Anais Nin helped found Siana Editions in France in 1935. By 1939 and the outbreak of World War II she returned to New York, where she became a figure in the Greenwich Village crowd. An obscure literary figure for most of her life, when her journals kept since 1931 began to be published in 1966, Anais Nin entered the public eye. The ten volumes of The Diary of Anaà ¯s Nin have remained popular. These are more than simple diaries; each volume has a theme, and were likely written with the intent that they later be published. Letters she exchanged with intimate friends, including Henry Miller, have also been published. The popularity of the diaries brought interest in her previously-published novels. The Delta of Venus and Little Birds, originally written in the 1940s, were published after her death (1977, 1979). Anais Nin is known, as well, for her lovers, who included Henry Miller, Edmund Wilson, Gore Vidal and Otto Rank. She was married to Hugh Guiler of New York who tolerated her affairs. She also entered into a second, bigamous marriage to Rupert Pole in California. She had the marriage annulled about the time she was achieving more widespread fame. She was living with Pole at the time of her death, and he saw to the publication of a new edition of her diaries, unexpurgated. The ideas of Anais Nin about masculine and feminine natures have influenced that part of the feminist movement known as difference feminism. She disassociated herself late in her life from the more political forms of feminism, believing that self-knowledge through journaling was the source of personal liberation. Partial Bibliography - By Anais Nin Celebration! with Anais Nin.Cities of the Interior.  Paperback. 1975.Collages.  Jean Varda, illustrator. Paperback. 1964.Delta of Love: Erotica.  Paperback. 1989.Fire: From a Journal of Love, the Unexpurgated Diary of Anais Nin, 1934-1937.  Paperback. 1996.The Four-Chambered Heart.  Paperback. 1974.Henry and June. Paperback. 199

The Concept of Human Relation Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Concept of Human Relation Skills - Essay Example The school's management mentioned in the case studies were keen enough to ensure that the supervisors assigned to each school were able to illustrate effective human relation skills aspects (Wiles & Bondi, 2004). Concerning the case studies within our textbook, supervisors play an important role in the organization. This is because they are responsible for making sure that the duties, which are assigned to them by the higher-level managers, are carried out effectively with no delay. The responsibilities of the supervisors include giving the managers accurate and timely information that is required for planning as well as informing them of the performance of each department. The role of the supervisors is also to act as a form of bridge for passing information between the management and the employees (Wiles & Bondi, 2004). Therefore, the responsibilities of a supervisor in an organization need to be emphasized for better operational results. Being a supervisor is not an easy task because of the changes that are incorporated into the role. Based on the case studies, a supervisor is meant to carry out responsibilities that ensure the operations that are conducted in the organization are in line with the organizational goals. New supervisors are expected to apply more human relations as well as conceptual skills. They are also expected to look at the activities within the departments and devote a significant amount of time in planning. Another change that is quite evident is that once an individual becomes a supervisor the relationship that existed with the other employees’ changes based on the fact that he/she will be addressed as a member of the management.  

Sydney Harbour Bridge Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Sydney Harbour Bridge - Research Paper Example With the development of techniques and craftsmanship, these engineering feats began to become more and more sophisticated and complicated, over the years from its humble beginnings of tree barks used for connecting land masses, to more sophisticated suspension, cantilever and arch bridges. These pieces of construction not only add to the visual imagery of a geographical location, but also bear testimony to the imagination, craftsmanship and engineering accomplishment of mankind, as represented by the Sydney Harbour. Introduction: â€Å"Of all the inventions, the alphabet and the printing press alone excepted, those inventions which abridge distance have done the most for the civilization of our species† Thomas B. Macaulay, 2010: 290 Bridges have historically, played a key role in the development of human civilizations. This unique piece of construction and sheer engineering marvel has contributed to the development and flourishing of human civilizations, since time immemorial. It is on account of this very reason, that bridges have been featured prominently in the development of some of the most affluent cultures and cities around the globe - including the likes of London on the river Thames, Brooklyn bridge in the city of New York; the various artistic bridges on the Seine river in the city of Paris; Howrah bridge in Kolkata etc., among many others. Not only do they add a sense of artistic imagery and beauty to the city, but also help accelerate the mobility and access to various key locations in and around the area, thus enhancing the overall vitality of the cities they are built in, ultimately contributing to the social, economical as well as cultural development (John, 2000). This paper on the Sydney Harbour Bridge, aims to discuss the various factors critical to this unique and historical piece of construction, such as the history behind its construction, the various materials used, the materials used for its construction; the various equipments use d; the availability and use of labour force used during construction; the civilizations and culture that flourished in that era etc. It also includes a brief discussion and analysis on the type of structure it would have been, if it was built in present times. The history of the Sydney Harbour Bridge: The Sydney Harbour Bridge, is one of Australia's most prominent landmarks, was open to the public on 19th March, 1932. The bridge, which is also popularly known as the â€Å"Coathanger† by the locals, is the largest (although not the longest) bridge in the world. It is not only a great engineering feat but also revered as one of the greatest economic accomplishments of the century, especially considering the fact that it was built after the world war, during the years of the Great Depression. The bridge was built using extensive labour, which included as many as 1400 men, and took almost eight years to complete (from 1925 to 1932), with an investment of six million pounds (Lalor , 2006; Sharpe, 2001; Langmead and Garnaut, 2001). It was designed by a British firm Dorman Long and Co Ltd, under the directions of Dr. J. J. C. Bradfield along with other officers of the NSW Department of Public Works. The design of this bridge was inspired by the Hell Gate Bridge in New York (Sydney Harbour Bridge, 2012). Although the construction of the bridge began in the year 1925, the foundations for the same were laid decades ago, which is evident from the various historical events that took place, as is described in the following sections. Brief Background: Events that led to the construction of the Bridge Prior to the construction of the Sydney Har

Popular Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Popular Culture - Essay Example This paper outlines that the popular culture is usually observable in such area including clothing, cooking, sports and recreation and also consumption and entertainment. On recreation we can view golf playing as a popular culture practiced by the rich in the society. Today cultural activities are segregated and there exist restrictions that are formal and also informal. Restrictions apply to those that are not part of that culture and may be tempted to join that culture. This paper highlights that some cultural activities are highly restricted by the laws of the society, an example is beer drinking, beer drinking for example is prohibited in Saudi Arabia and there exist a law that will prosecute those found drinking beer. The drinking of beer therefore is a popular culture among the masses of many societies and this culture is proposed by the mass media through advertisements of these brands, the culture is restricted in some societies like Saudi Arabia formally. There also exist informal restrictions to cultural practices, these informal restrictions are those restrictions that do not exist in writing but are termed as norms in the society, and they do not exist in writing but are termed as rules governing behavior. These informal restrictions include the expected reaction by the society, the society has informal ways in which to discourage behavior example a person doing wrong may be isolated by the society, for example the case where people have tattoos all over their body, this is a popular culture among the young but in some society the making of such decorations on the skin may lead to one being isolated and disowned by the society. This is an informal way in which this popular culture is restricted by this society and it is helpful in restricting such cultures.

CISG Memo, International Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CISG Memo, International Business Law - Essay Example Article 30 broadly describes the seller's obligation while articles 31-34 expounds on that focusing on the "delivery of the goods and handing over of documents." Article 67 must be read in conjunction with these articles for it determines who assumes the risk of loss and when or under what circumstances this is passed onto the buyer. Article 31 applies only if the seller is not bound to deliver the goods at any other particular place. This article specifies the place where he is to perform his obligation to deliver. The general rule is the seller's place of business. There are two exceptions: (1) where the sale involves carriage of the goods then the obligation is fulfilled when the goods are handed over to the first carrier for transmission to buyer; (2) if the contract is not covered by the first exception and is related to specific goods, or unidentified goods to be drawn from a specific stock or to be manufactured or produced at a particular place the obligation is fulfilled when the goods are placed at the buyer's disposal meaning that "the seller has done that which is necessary for the buyer to be able to take possession."1 The effect of the fulfillment of the obligation to deliver is that any risk of subsequent damage or loss has now passed onto the buyer. ... If the contract involves the carriage of goods and the seller is not bound to hand them over at a particular place, the risk passes to the buyer when they are handed to the first carrier for transmission to the buyer. But if a place is specified for delivery, the risk passes onto the buyer only when the goods are handed over to the carrier at the place agreed upon. Note that even if the seller is authorized to retain the documents controlling the disposition of goods is immaterial to the passage of the risk. These rules will still apply. Article 32 sets forth the additional obligations of the seller in article 31. The first is to clearly identify the goods through the buyer's notice of the consignment. The second is to enter into contracts necessary for the proper transport of the goods in keeping with the circumstances and usual practice. Third, if the seller is not bound to effect insurance, he must inform the buyer so that the buyer may opt to obtain the same. Article 33 as a general rule states that the delivery of goods must be at within a reasonable time after the conclusion except when a date or a period is fixed or determinable from the contract. Article34 requires that the seller must hand over the documents to the goods in the time, place and required form as specified in the contract. If the seller hands the documents earlier than the agreed time, he is given the right to cure any lack of conformity in the documents. He can exercise this right until the time to hand over the document expires. Consequently the buyer is given the right to claim damages if in the exercise of such right by the seller causes him unreasonable inconvenience or expenses. According to a practicing lawyer, the rules of the CISG will create

MGMT 305 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

MGMT 305 - Case Study Example anagement complain of time wastage, low production, arrogance and lousy attitude from the workers while, the workers protest the poor treatment from the managers. The president has to decide whether to downsize or reinvestment considering the factors like the cost of reinvesting, compensation for the workers in case they are laid off and the time it will take to establish a new premise of sawmilling ( Eckes, pg. 492). The company establishes and grows, if it establishes these group member competencies that lack in Jackson, BC. The organization has to apply strategic conflict resolving, comforting behaviors where the team from the subordinate to the seniors relate in a friendly manner and incase of problems the employer support the workers either financially or emotionally. Teamwork has to prevail in an organized firm where resources and ideas are freely shared. Communication is vital in a company where flow of information must be maintained through memos, messaging e.t.c. Finally, the following Team Environment should be enhanced. Reward system should be introduced on either performance bases or on any other criteria. Also, proper channel of communication should be enhanced. Physical space should be available for individual growth and privacy. Organizational structure should be observed where different department supervise personal department (Eckes, pg.498.). Finally, organizational leadership should always be a key point where the channel of passing command should be

CISG Memo, International Business Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

CISG Memo, International Business Law - Essay Example Article 30 broadly describes the seller's obligation while articles 31-34 expounds on that focusing on the "delivery of the goods and handing over of documents." Article 67 must be read in conjunction with these articles for it determines who assumes the risk of loss and when or under what circumstances this is passed onto the buyer. Article 31 applies only if the seller is not bound to deliver the goods at any other particular place. This article specifies the place where he is to perform his obligation to deliver. The general rule is the seller's place of business. There are two exceptions: (1) where the sale involves carriage of the goods then the obligation is fulfilled when the goods are handed over to the first carrier for transmission to buyer; (2) if the contract is not covered by the first exception and is related to specific goods, or unidentified goods to be drawn from a specific stock or to be manufactured or produced at a particular place the obligation is fulfilled when the goods are placed at the buyer's disposal meaning that "the seller has done that which is necessary for the buyer to be able to take possession."1 The effect of the fulfillment of the obligation to deliver is that any risk of subsequent damage or loss has now passed onto the buyer. ... If the contract involves the carriage of goods and the seller is not bound to hand them over at a particular place, the risk passes to the buyer when they are handed to the first carrier for transmission to the buyer. But if a place is specified for delivery, the risk passes onto the buyer only when the goods are handed over to the carrier at the place agreed upon. Note that even if the seller is authorized to retain the documents controlling the disposition of goods is immaterial to the passage of the risk. These rules will still apply. Article 32 sets forth the additional obligations of the seller in article 31. The first is to clearly identify the goods through the buyer's notice of the consignment. The second is to enter into contracts necessary for the proper transport of the goods in keeping with the circumstances and usual practice. Third, if the seller is not bound to effect insurance, he must inform the buyer so that the buyer may opt to obtain the same. Article 33 as a general rule states that the delivery of goods must be at within a reasonable time after the conclusion except when a date or a period is fixed or determinable from the contract. Article34 requires that the seller must hand over the documents to the goods in the time, place and required form as specified in the contract. If the seller hands the documents earlier than the agreed time, he is given the right to cure any lack of conformity in the documents. He can exercise this right until the time to hand over the document expires. Consequently the buyer is given the right to claim damages if in the exercise of such right by the seller causes him unreasonable inconvenience or expenses. According to a practicing lawyer, the rules of the CISG will create

Contract Negotiations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Contract Negotiations - Research Paper Example Finally, the conclusion will sum up the thesis as well as the findings. A contract is a lawful agreement involving two or more parties. This means that contract negotiation is a process of talking about the stipulations of the agreement to reach a specified goal. Before attempting to negotiate a contract, one need to identify the main objectives for entering into the agreement, research on the present contract laws, build trust with the negotiators, and prepare for the entire negotiation by getting important figures and facts. Contract negotiators have immense skills and knowledge that help them to acquire a more appropriate and constructive contract for their clients (Garrett, 2005, pp. 18-21). Therefore, under the theoretical foundation, this treatise aims at describing the main areas of knowledge and skills that are important to ensuring success of a contract negotiator. It also details one strategy that an effective negotiator ought to consider to achieve a favorable contract. In addition, under the discussion part, relevant implications in regard t o contract negotiation will be analyzed. This discourse concludes that effective communication, critical thinking, active listening, legal and technical understanding, management, and social perceptiveness are some of the skills and knowledge that are required to guarantee a constructive contract. Research shows that the main job of a contract negotiator is to maximize value for their employers. Therefore, they need to be highly competent and possess particular skills and knowledge that are in accordance to their line of work. For instance, one of the main qualifications that they need to have to ensure a favorable contract is impeccable communication skills. This means that they must effectively articulate the needs of the organization and be in a position to win more clients. Moreover, they need to have a rich ground for knowledge and be critical thinkers. In that

Kindergarten Education Act Essay Example for Free

Kindergarten Education Act Essay On January 20, 2012, Republic Act 10157 also known as Kindergar ten Education Act, was being approved. This Act is in relation with the Millennium Development Goals on achieving Education for All (EFA) by the year 2015. Wherein the policy provide an equal opportunities for all children to avail of accessible mandatory and compulsory kindergarten education that effectively promotes the physical, social, intellectual, emotional and skills stimulation and values formation to sufficiently prepare them for formal elementary schooling. It is prerequisite then, for the children that they will pass through kindergarten, the first stage of elementary education system before going to Grade 1. It is also stated in this Act that the Mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE) will be implemented as the medium of instruction to kindergarten pupils. Reaction: Kindergarten before is somewhat optional to acquire. And not all have the privilege, the capacity, the money and the chances to take this formative stage in education. With or without it, when a child reaches the age of formal schooling, he can start his elementary education. The R.A.10157, Kindergarten Education Act, is a one good feat in bridging the gap of literacy and economic stability of our country. Though it is quite long way yet to see its effectiveness but what matters is a step forward has been made towards a better future. With this Act, every child of our country will have an equal right to be molded during his formative stage in life regardless of who or what he is in the society. Kindergarten is of great aid in shaping and building young ones a strong learning foundation in preparation for their next step to their formal education. With proper trainings and programs for teachers in honing their skills in teaching, right approaches such as using the MTB-MLE, and strategies and appropriate learning tools, kindergarten students would be much ready to take the challenge of leveling up to the next ladder of their formal elementary education. Being a language teacher myself, I personally experienced and still experiencing the effect of teaching many, but not all, fresh high school students with a meager elementary education foundation. No matter how much teachers will be pointing fingers to who’s who is to be blamed, it boils down to one factor inadequate knowledge foundation of students. With this R.A. 10157, I believe it is of great help in patching the hole of the crisis. With a good start having a strong foundation in education, the process would then continue as they level up their knowledge and eventually our country will produce more equipped, effective and productive men and women of the society. Recommendation: Whatever policies, programs and projects of our government such as this R.A. 10157 if it is closely monitored and supervised properly by the concern agencies and people behind it, nothing will put into waste and that the common goal will be achieved†¦to build a stronger and a more productive nation.

Development of Fantasy Football Website

Development of Fantasy Football Website Chapter 1. Introduction Project Overview Last year a project was completed for Mr. Starkey (hereinafter referred to as Client) to design a family website. The website was centered on a fantasy football league created for family and friends from around the world. Many other features were involved in the creation of this website including games, events, family news and many more. With all these and an advanced fantasy football competition, more than just a website site was created. In fact a quote from the Client stated â€Å"The website has brought everyone together into a kind of ‘Family Intranet or in other words, a ‘Virtual Community has been created† (Starkey A.J. 2006). Chapter 2. Design Project Aims With the success of the project, the Client has asked for improvements to be made to the fantasy football feature of the website. For next seasons competition the Client would like the entrants to be able to register on-line. The Clients reasons for this are numerous:- To aid in the ease of entering the competition To save on postage for managers in different countries To have one official route for applications, instead of entries coming in from different ways and therefore getting lost and misled To allow alterations to be made by the entrant without contacting the Client To improve the quality of the website and to continuously bring the website forward with new and innovative ideas Project Objectives To fulfil this project and create the on-line fantasy football application I will have to meet several objectives. 1. To enable the entrant to:- Create a user name and password Log in with correct details View fantasy football rules Scroll through the players in different classes i.e. defence, midfield and forwards Pick and list their selected team Process their chosen team E-mail their application to the relevant address Error messages to be given in these circumstances:- Wrong log-in details are supplied Selected team breaks any fantasy football rules Follow the CSS guidelines set in the website structure, and to consider all HCI aspects throughout the design and implementation. To have the new system installed by 11Dec 2006. Project Considerations During all aspects of designing and building this feature the following considerations will be taken into account:- Superstructure Graphics Colour Content Readability Page Layout Links Project Methodology There were several possible methodologies to help with this project. The ones considered were:- 5 STEPS (Steps to Ensure Project Success) where it helps an individual deliver the project on time within budget. The focus is on developing a realistic schedule for a project and then managing it. AIS (Administrative Information System) which uses 7 structured components. PRINCE (Projects IN Controlled Environments) this was produced by the Central Computing and Telecommunications Agency (CCTA) for the development and implementation of IS/IT projects. WebE Process â€Å"WebApps are often delivered incrementally. That is, framework activities will occur repeatedly as each increment is engineered and delivered† (Pressman RS 2005, p 507). Using the WebE Process represents an incremental design structure. The project is split up into increments to be tried and tested individually. This process model is adaptable to fit most tasks or implements. The one I have decided to go with is a methodology called PROMPT (Project Resource Organisation Management Planning Techniques) which although is the predecessor to PRINCE, it is the methodology more suited to my project than the others. PROMPT was designed in an attempt to set down guidelines for a computer project to avoid serious over-running of time limits, which I feel is vital in this project to keep me from falling behind. Even though the WebE process is specifically designed for web applications our project is not incremental. The stage flow guidelines are as follows:- Feasibility Study to determine whether the project should be done/can be done/will work if it is done. Initial stage where the project organisation is set up. Specification Stage in which the user specification was detailed. Design Stage where the logical and from this the physical design of the computer system was designed in detail. Development Stage the system is built and tested. Installation stage the user accepts a working system. Operation Stage when the system is tuned for the work in hand. Interface designs The overall design of the interface has to run along the same lines as the original website, while the log-in and selection pages can follow different routes. There are several different ways of approaching the interface. One option is a simple one click system where you click on a player and it appears in your team. Another option, and the one which will be applied to the feature, is a drag and drop system. Both options are simple for the users to work but the drag and drop system brings little extra to the process. It doesnt have to be just the name that is dragged it can be an icon. This will create a real manager feel to the program. Fig 2 shows an example of this drag and drop procedure. The icon being a players face. User Case The two use case diagrams show how the system will function. Diagram 1 shows how the Entrant will create his account, while Diagram 2 shows what option will be available to the registered manager. Storyboard Storyboarding not only improves your site navigation system but also helps design your website properly. Interface html/css design and layouts The majority of the pages in this section of the website will follow the same guidelines, with the slight exception of the team selection, seen below. Database Design There are several pieces of information required on each player for the database. Each subject data needs to be sorted properly to aid in the running of the database. â€Å"Normalisation is part of successful database design. Without normalisation, database systems can be inaccurate, slow and inefficient and they might not produce the data you expect† (databasedev.co.uk). To enable us to follow the normalisation rules to need to find a piece of information that uniquely identifies that player. As team name, player name player position etc can quite easily be duplicate a player ID has been created for each player. The creation of this ID will be automatically created by the database software (mysql) so does not need to be of a concern. The information held an each player are as follows: Field Example ID 1001 Team Name Arsenal Position Goalkeeper Player Name Lehmann Cost 7.5m Further developments The program has been designed so that any future enhancements that are required can be easily implemented. The program is reusable for the fantasy football competition every year. All that needs to be changed each year is the player information. As the database doesnt carry very much data there is plenty of room for extensions or other ideas and new innovations. The program can in future be used for any other fantasy games the client has in mind for future events. Reflection I found that the project, although not impossible to complete in the time limit, the ideas I had to solve the project objectives were over ambitious. The reasons for this soon became clear: My knowledge of PHP was not satisfactory at the start of the project to complete my ambitious objectives. The plan to keep to the main website theme, instead of aiding in the building of the fantasy football section made the project harder to complete. This was that I could not express myself for this project and therefore were limited in the way I could develop it. Considering this, the objectives and aims did not change as I feel that I still completed them moderately. The problem was that the php was very basic in the whole. Although this doesnt help with the time limit available, I can still improve this in the future as I improve my php knowledge. A good example of this is the team selection process. Diagram 6 shows one example of how I would have liked it to have been done. Chapter 3. Project Tracking Project Risks Due to the small size of this project, the risks are few, although I have included a few extra. These need to be considered even though the probability is very low, as they applied to the original project and so also concern the current one. Risk Identity Risk Probability Risk Impact Assessment of risk Risk mitigation management 1. Budget Unlikely Important Domain and monthly web server costs exceed expectations keep within budget where possible 2. Schedule Possible Important Mismanagement of workload Keep with schedule planed in the Gantt chart 3. Design Unlikely Marginal Unable to design to specification and considerations Research thoroughly and seek aid if required 4. Implementation Possible Marginal Software and hardware problems Prepare for this by having a second pc and alternative software available 5. Personnel Unlikely Serious Illness to myself that halts the procedure Seek extensions if required Reflection Project Risks As already reflected on earlier, concerning the objectives that were unfulfilled this also comes under the project risk category. The risk identity here was â€Å"schedule†. Risk Identity Risk Probability Risk Impact Assessment of risk Risk mitigation management 2. Schedule Possible Important Mismanagement of workload Keep with schedule planed in the Gantt chart Here although it says that the assessment of the risk is â€Å"Mismanagement of workload† I would be inclined to say that it was â€Å"Misinterpretation of expectations† Project Methodology The Project Proposal stated that the methodology WebE was going to be used. This was changed when it became clear that that Methodology wasnt completely suited for this project. The WebE is used for incremental applications, while the PROMPT although outdated was more suited this time. Chapter 4. Testing â€Å"Software testing is fundamentally concerned with demonstrating that observed (actual) program behaviour corresponds with specified (expected) program behaviour† (Jorgensen. P. 2002). What this means is that you build your test conditions to match what the expected outcomes of the software are. The best way of doing is to split your software into manageable sections. This is called Unit testing. This does not cover all the testing required, as our software needs to meet accessibility requirements and also pass a validation test. For all these and more we need to decide on a test strategy. Test Strategy The test strategy will include four different types of testing as described below. Sight testing This test will be used throughout the development and implementation of the website, and will be ongoing over short periods. This will spot simple errors before they become bigger. Usability testing This will be used to test every aspect of the website as defined in the website considerations. The tests and results can be seen in the Test plan. The website will then be put through the W3c Mark-up Validation Service test. Accessibility testing Accessibility testing involves measuring the ease with which users with special needs can complete common tasks on your website. The tests and results can be seen in the Test plan. Acceptance testing The Client will then be involved and asked to test all the features of the website to ensure that everything is designed to the clients expectations. This testing may result in further refinements. Usability Testing Using the list from the project consideration, we will test the web site thoroughly. These tests will be completed using different computers, browsers and internet speeds. Below is the test plan, which gives a table of the tests that were carried out, their expected results and their actual results. Test Plan Test No. Test Expected Results Actual Results Superstructure: 1 Is the site layout easy to understand? Yes Yes 2 Is the navigation around the site easy Yes Yes 3 Is the loading time quick and efficient Yes Yes 4 Is the site accessible to users with inferior hardware Yes Yes 5 Is the site accessible to users with inferior software Yes Yes 6 is the site accessible for short-sighted people Yes Yes Graphics: 7 Are they clear and attractive Yes Yes 8 Are they necessary Yes Yes 9 Do they contribute or just a distraction Contribute Contribute 10 Will they unjustifiable add to excessive loading time No Yes 11 Consider alternatives for people with lower spec browsers and software Yes Yes Colour: 12 Is there an attractive mix of colours Yes Yes 13 Do they add to the appearance of the site Yes Yes 14 Do the colours follow web standards Yes Yes 15 Have I considered colour blindness Yes Yes, See Accessibility test. Content: 16 Is the content interesting and of use to the user Yes Yes 17 Is the spelling correct Yes Yes 18 Is interaction possible Yes Yes Readability: 19 Are the pages readable Yes Yes 20 Does the site load correctly using different browsers Yes No! See note 102 Page Layout: 21 Is each page in the site consistent Yes No! See note 101 22 Use of Cascading style sheets Yes Yes Links: 23 Are the links easy to spot Yes Yes 24 Do they work correctly Yes Yes 25 If they follow the links can they return easily Yes Yes 26 Is there a site map, breadcrumbs or similar Yes, example Yes, Site map Program: Registration 27 Accept names and username Yes Yes 28 Accept Correct E-mail Yes Yes 29 Incorrect E-mail Error Error 30 Passwords Encrypt Yes Yes

The Causes of the Persian Gulf War Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Causes of the Persian Gulf War â€Å"Two dozen U.S. and British aircrafts bombed five radar and other anti-aircraft sites around Baghdad with guided missiles yesterday in the first major military action of the Bush administration. It was the largest airstrike against Iraq in two years and hit sites near the Iraqi capital, a significant departure from the low-key enforcement of no-fly zones in the country’s south and north. The U.S.-led alliance declared the zones off-limits to Iraqi aircrafts after the Persian Gulf War. President Bush, speaking at a new conference in Mexico alongside the Mexican President, Vicente Fox, called the raid ‘routine.’ But it was widely interperted in Washington and other world capitals as presaging a get-tough attitude by the new administration toward a country that has vexed U.S. policymakers for more than a decade. ‘Saddam Hussein has got to understand we expect him to comform to the agreement that he signed after The Desert Storm,’ Bush said...† (Ricks A1) Saddam Hussein’s continuing failure to cooperate is one of many results of the Persian Gulf War. Between January 17 and February 28, 1991, an international military coalition sanctioned by the United Nations and led by the United States defeated the large, well-equipped Iraqi army and forced it to withdraw from occupied Kuwait. The allied offense, whose military code name was Operation Desert Storm, involved ground troops from 19 countries joining together from virtually every region on the globe: North America, South America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia, and Australia (Yant 18). In essence, from the Iraqi position, there were three, main, inter-state causes of the Persian Gulf War: 1) To aquire a major port on the Persian Gulf, 2) To eliminate the $13 billion debt that Iraq owed Kuwait, 3) To gain vast oil reserves. In order to better understand the Iraqi position, it is necessary to look at some of the historical factors. The discovery of oil by the the Anglo-Persian Oil Company (APOC; later renamed the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and still later British Petroleum) in Iran in 1908 stimulated a great interest in potential Iraqi oil resources. Financial groups from several major nations engaged in protracted negotiations with ... ...; Works Cited Bennis, Phyllis and Moushabeck, Michel. Beyond the Storm. New York: Olive Branch Press, 1991. Saddam Hussein - His Rise to Power. Ed. Gerald Butt. Nov 17. 1998. BBC News. 24 Feb. 2001. <http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/events/crisis_in_the_gulf/decision_ makers _and_diplomacy/newsid_216000/216328.stm>. Freedman, Lawrence and Karsh, Efraim. The Gulf Conflict: 1990 -1991. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1993. "Inside the Storm" Dallas Morning News (Dallas, TX). 12 Jan. 1992: 1A+. Ricks, Thomas E. â€Å"Allied Jets Blast Iraq, Largest Strike in 2 Years, Seen as Signal of Get-Tough U.S. Attitude.† San Francisco Chronicle. 17 Feb. 2001: A-1. Schwartz, Richard Alan. Encyclopedia of the Persian Gulf War. North Carolina: McFarland & Co, 1998. Yant, Martin. Desert Mirage: The True Story of the Gulf War. New York: Prometheus Books, 1991.

Energy Audit at the Kolej Mawar in the UiTM Shah Alam

Abstraction The proposal presents a item undertaking of energy audit at the Kolej Mawar in the UiTM Shah Alam. The chief intent of this proposal to analyze on the energy ingestion in that edifice and to develop the GUI, so that user can cipher informations from the power analyzer equipment. Based on this information, the burden form and energy form ingestion at each edifice can be analysed and to give recommendation to cut down the energy ingestion, waste energy and to increase the energy efficiency of the edifice. Chapter1 IntroductionIntroductionAs twelvemonth 2020 attacks, Malaysia, a underdeveloped state, sees the demand of energy as a viral component to assist it to accomplish the mark of twelvemonth 2020, which is developed state. As it is, about half of the energy ingestion in the state is in industrial, residential and commercial sectors [ 1 ] . Universiti Teknologi Mara ( UiTM ) Shah Alam is one of the university directed by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia ( MOHE ) to set up the program of green Technology [ 2 ] . Green Technology is the development and application of merchandise, equipment and system used to conserve the natural environment and resources, to minimise and cut down the negative impact of human activities [ 3 ] . Energy efficiency is a plan that brings great salvaging with proper planning and implemented right. The top direction should be informed about the current degree of operating efficiency, extra economy potencies and resources needed to accomplish it [ 4 ] . Therefore, the cooperation of top direction is lightly appreciated. Energy audit is a procedure to pull off the electrical energy ingestion efficaciously and to increase the energy efficiency. The energy audit discussed in this undertaking will be merely focused in the Kolej Mawar UiTM Shah Alam edifice. These edifice has a capacity of 3450 college pupils and began operations in May 2002 with the first consumption of pupils on semester Jun-Nov 2002. The College has four blocks of residential edifices viz. Block 1A – 5 degree, Block 1B – 5 degree, Block 2A – 8 degrees and block 2B – 10 degrees. College disposal edifice is located in the center of the Block 1A and 2A. These edifice is located near the entryway 2 UiTM and Health Center and next to the Kolej Melati. The intent of the four blocks in this edifice is house the female pupils. These edifice is non merely considered as pupil adjustment but serves as a topographic point of acquisition and pupil Centre. Besides that, for the college disposal constructing the intent to pull off the pupil and their activities. In these disposal edifice is accommodates 10 staff and operate during office hr fro m 8.00am to 5.00pm. Figure 1 shows the location of Kolej Mawar in UiTM Shah Alam. Figure 1: Location of Kolej Mawar.PROBLEM STATEMENTUiTM Shah Alam has spent about RM20, 819,758 electricity measure annually as in 2013. The measure ingestion comes from all colleges, installations, enrollment office, chancellery office, dining hall, athleticss Centre and street illuming about in UiTM Shah Alam. The high electricity measure cause from the use chilling system, illuming and equipment is used non suited for the supply energy at that edifice. The 2nd factor that can do the high electricity measure, is found that at the hair-raiser system. That is because, unsatisfactory current public presentation, operation and scheduling the centralized air- conditioning system. From the observations that have been done, it found that the some of the colleges in UiTM Shah Alam has non used electrical energy expeditiously. It is suspected that the Kolej Mawar one of the cause contribute the extremely measure public-service corporations compare to the other colleges by the old informations gathered. By do the walk-through audit, it found that in Kolej Mawar most of staff and pupils tend to go forth their electricity contraptions in status switch on. Students normally leave the suites with the lamp and fan switch-on status. Most of the staff leave their room with the air-conditioner with switch-on place. This bad wont can do blowing energy and increase in the monthly measure public-service corporations. Besides that, in this edifice the electrical energy has non been managed decently. For illustration, the lamps at the corridor colleges have been light on the daytime. Actually the lamp have been switch on to illume up the certain lamp at left side. However, because of the wiring have been set to illume all lamp with one switch when the switch is turn on. This deficient wiring can do the waste energy use in this edifice.AimTo analyze the energy use, burden profile and the energy efficiency of the chosen edifice.To analyze informations collected and develop Ocular BASIC ( VB ) package and to cipher the energy use of a edifice.To find the energy salvaging chances.Scope OF WORKThis undertaking is more focussed on analyzing the energy ingestions by package ocular BASIC ( VB ) , GUI to make the computation from the existent information. This energy audit, is conducted to seek chances to better the energy efficiency of the edifice in UiTM Shah Alam peculiarly Kolej Mawar. By the bettering the energy efficiency, the energy ingestions can be reduced and besides can extinguish the waste energy. Besides that, this undertaking besides focus to propose cost-efficient steps to better the efficiency of energy usage and appraisal of execution costs and payback periods for each recommended action. This undertaking can be divided in two stages:Phase 1 ( FYP 1 )Carry out overall energy audit for Kolej Mawar UiTM Shah Alam.Collect informations by walk-through audit the edifice and place the type of burden in that edifice.Analysis of energy use and burden profile from the natural information ( Flukes Analyser 435 and 1750 ) .2.Phase 2 ( FYP 2 )Develop the package plan to cipher the energy use and burden profile by utilizing Ocular Basic ( VB ) , GUI.Determining the energy salvaging chances and to propose the recommendation to the direction.Chapter2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1Introduction Based on research by Mohd Azrin [ 5 ] , the electrical energy at their FKE disposal block UTEM has non hold been managed decently. He found out that the anteroom lamps have been light on the daytime and the lamp and the air conditioners of certain room have been switched on although the room is empty. Such go oning gave rise to waste of the electrical energy. He suggested that, to increase the energy efficiency at FKE UTEM disposal is by exchanging on a few lamps near the entryway would be sufficient during dark clip. â€Å"Energy Audit in Block 3 in S & A ; T Tower towards Energy Efficiency in UiTM Shah Alam† [ 6 ] was carried out last twelvemonth. This Building can be divided into 3 blocks and 2 towers. By mentioning on the research Muhammad Azwan [ 6 ] , such research merely focused on the block 3 in S & A ; T edifice. From the work, block 3 has a two types of air-conditioning. The 1sttype of air-conditioning is centralized controlled by the hair-raiser. This type can be set automatically turn on and off. The 2neodymiumtype of air-conditioning is disconnected unit, these type can be controlled by manually. Each of schoolroom is fitted with type 1 and the offices with type 2 [ 6 ] . Besides that, harmonizing to the research Siti Nor Ayu [ 7 ] , â€Å"Energy Audit for Energy Efficiency at Facility Management Office in UiTM Shah Alam† was carried out 2 old ages ago. The edifice of the installation direction office in UiTM Shah Alam can be divided into 5 classs. This five classs office is under the installation direction and this all edifice comes from the one substation which are Pejabat Pengurusan Fasiliti ( PPF ) , Pejabat Pembangunan, Annex, Bahagian Khidmat Elektrikal dan Telekomunikasi ( BKET ) , Pembangunan dan Pengurusan Fasiliti ( ICT ) , Bilik Gerakan Krisis ( Cabin ) and Bendahari Zon 5. She found out that the entire energy used in UiTM is increasing every twelvemonth from the chief consumption since the establishment have big population. By mentioning on the research is conducted, she found that the energy ingestion can be reduced by implementing energy efficiency construct at the air conditioner, illuming, computing machines and other electrical contraptions. Besides that, she found that, the air conditoner is consumed the highest energy ingestion which is about 72 % of entire energy ingestion. So that, from this it can blow the electrical energy. She suggested to alter the gas from R22 gas to R22 cold gas. After iplementing this manner the energy ingestion by utilizing R22 cold gas for air conditioner is reduced [ 7 ] . 2.2ENERGY AUDIT Energy audit is an review or study and analysis and to place energy that been used in that edifice. Based on this energy audit, it is besides defined as the possible energy economy or energy direction [ 8 ] . Energy audit is one of the best methods to command the waste energy ingestion. Besides that, these energy audit is similar to fiscal accounting procedure, in which the procedure to analyze an energy history, look intoing the right manner energy is used and besides place which country can be minimized to cut down the wastage energy ingestion. 2.2.1Energy Audit Stages. These energy audit phases, can be categorized into two types that is, preliminary audit and inside informations audit. a )Preliminary Audit. Preliminary audit is the study based on the edifice. In other words, before the audit is performed, a complete checklist should be made. The list point must be considered in this audit energy includes:Lighting systemAir-conditioning SystemUtility measuresB )Detailss Audit. Detailss audit is carried out for the energy salvaging proposal recommended in preliminary audit. It will supply proficient solution options and economic analysis for the edifice direction to make up one's mind undertaking execution. A feasibleness survey will be required to find the viability of each option. 2.3Type OF TARIFF TNB USED Based on the duty TNB UiTM is classified in the commercial duty. The duty for commercial can be classified into two parts that is: Duty C1: Medium Voltage General Commercial. Duty C2: Average Voltage Peak/off-Peak Commercial. The whole edifice in UiTM Shah Alam used duty C1 but for the air conditioner duty C2 is used because the Air-Conditioner used the Thermal Energy Storage ( TES ) . 2.4Light System Lighting is one of the largest consumer of electricity in commercial edifice. About 41 per centum of electricity and 28 per centum of entire energy, consumed in the commercial sector is for illuming. In the residential sector, illuming energy usage is little though non fiddling, stand foring about 7 per centum of residential energy usage. Based on this fact, lighting is the major impact on energy in edifice or otherwise. A thorough study should be carried out to find the efficiency of the lighting system. This is, to obtain the lighting form agenda and to look into the lighting strength, so that it follows the Malaysians Standard ( MS-1525-2007 ) . 2.5AIR-CONDITIONER SYSTEM Air – conditioning can be defined as coincident mechanical control of temperature, humidness and air gesture. The chief map of all air –conditioning system is to supply thermic comfort for edifice residents. The system used for air-conditioner in the UiTM Shah Alam is the Thermal Energy Storage ( TES ) . Based on the duty TNB the TES system can be defined under the duty C2 that is, Medium Voltage Peak/off-Peak Commercial. Referred to the MS 1525:2007, the indoor design status of an air –conditioning infinite for comfort chilling should be as follows:Recommended design dry bulb temperature23?C -26?CMinimum dry bulb temperature22?CRecommended design comparative humidity55 % – 70 %Recommended air movement0.15 m/s – 0.50 m/sMaximum air movement0.70 m/s2.6VISUAL BASIC ( VB ) , GUI SOFTWARE In this undertaking, the package development is used as the measuring to analyze informations collected and to cipher the energy use of a edifice by utilizing GUI construct utilizing Visual Basic ( VB ) . This VB is the most popular and widely used programing linguistic communications available today. By this package, analysis can be done easy because the VB can associate the database with the Microsoft Excel and Access databases. By utilizing this VB it can besides back up a new scheduling technique called object – oriented scheduling ( OOP ) and traditional process – oriented programing [ 9 ] . Chapter3 Methodology 3.1FLOW CHART OF THE PROJECT Figure 3.1, shows the advancement of this undertaking from the beginning until this undertaking is completed. By mentioning this flow chart, it can be seen that this undertaking involves theoretical portion, practical portion and accomplishment to develop the package. In the theoretical portion, it deals with power quality of the system, energy direction and how to cut down the energy ingestion to increase the energy efficiency. Besides that, in practical portion it consists of walk through audit, informations aggregation and analysing the information by utilizing power analyser package by lading the information from equipment power analyser. The designation of country is the most of import portion, to find the chances of energy economy can run from simplest, such as illuming retrofits, to the most complex such as the installing of a substation. After the preliminary designation of chances, more clip should be spent on those which have shorter payback periods [ 10 ] . Furthermore, a reappraisal about Malayan Standard must be done. The MS 1525:2007 is the one guidelines for energy audit intents. The undermentioned stairss are involved in the informations aggregation:Walk-through audit. ( Determine the type of burden in the edifice concerned )Installing power analyser ( fluke’s metre ) at the DB of the specified edifice.Data aggregation for a certain figure of yearss including on the job yearss and weekends.Transfering the information into excel spreadsheet.Analyzing of informations collected.Last the Microsoft Visual Basic ( VB ) by implementing the GUI construct will be developed and cipher the energy use of the ed ifice. Figure 3.1: Flow Chart of the Undertaking.ActivitiesCalendar monthSeptember 2014October 2014November 2014December 2014January 2015February 2015March 2015April 2015May 2015June 2015July 2015MEET PROJECT SUPERVISORWEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4INITIAL PREPARATION FOR PROJECT TITLEPROPOSAL PREPARATION AND SUBMISSIONWEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4LITERATURE REVIEW AND PROJECT FINDINGWEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4Undertaking TESTING, EXPERIMENTAL, DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSISTechnical PAPER WRITING AND SUBMISSIONWEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4Undertaking PRESENTATIONWEEK 2DOCUMENTATION, THESIS WRITING AND SUBMISSIONWEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 4WEEK 1WEEK 2WEEK 3WEEK 43.2GANT CHART FOR THE PROJECT Chapter4 EXPECTED RESULT 4.0EXPECTED RESULT Based on this undertaking, the expected consequence is to see the energy pattern use and it’s besides to analyze the form of the burden profile during working daies and vacation in the edifice. The expected consequence will demo the sum of energy ingestion and the entire cost for the energy during workday and vacation. GUI construct can be implemented to be use friendly and synergistic. From the form of the energy use, entire cost and the burden form in that edifice can be estimated. It is hoped that we can propose practical thoughts and activities to cut down the energy ingestion. Decision As a decision, it is hoped that it can assist the direction or the installation to pull off their electricity more efficient. Based on this undertaking, it can reason that by the execution of energy efficiency patterns can cut down the energy ingestion without impacting the human comfort. From this undertaking it can see there are many factors and that contribute to wastage energy such as human behaviour, the life-time of the equipment, and the operating clip the burden. These factors can lend to the waste energy. By the implement action of the package it can easy scrutinize the energy ingestion for farther hereafter analysis. Mentions [ 1 ] Retrived from online: hypertext transfer protocol: // www.energystar.gov/supplementalload [ 2 ] Retrived from online: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.greentechmalaysia.my [ 3 ] Yudelson, Jerry, â€Å"Green Buildings Today, † Chapter 1, The Green Building Revolution, Island Press, 2008 [ 4 ] Wayne C.Turner, â€Å" Energy direction enchiridion † . School of industrial Engineering And Management, Oklahoma State University,1996. [ 5 ] Mohd Azrin Bin Abdul Aziz, â€Å"Energy Efficiency at UTEM FKE.pdf, † Energy Efficiency At FKE Administration Block UTEM. May 2009, p. 10, 2009. [ 6 ] Muhamad Azwan Bin Abdul Aziz, â€Å"Energy Audit in Block 3 in S & A ; T Tower towards Energy Efficiency in UiTM Shah Alam† Jun 2013, p. 8, 2013. [ 7 ] Siti Nor Ayu, â€Å"Energy Audit For Energy Efficiency At Facility Management Office In Universiti Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam† July 2012, p.9, 2012. [ 8 ] Abdelaziz E.A. , Saidur R. , Mekhilef S. , 2011, A reappraisal on energy salvaging schemes in industrial sector, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 15: 150–68. [ 9 ] Norhayanie Roslan†Energy Saving Control System Application In Lecture Hall† November, 2008, p. 12, 2008. [ 10 ] Energy Audit Team â€Å"Energy Audit of Iit-Roorkee Campus† January 2010, p. 8, 2010.

Political Diversity as Manifested in the Jesse Jackson Presidential Bids Essay

Baptist Minister turned Illinois second district congressman Jesse Jackson made two attempts to become the Democratic Party nominee in 1984 and 1988. In the 1988 bid for the White House, Jackson was defeated by Senator Michael Dukakis for the Democratic nomination but not after showing strong in initial state nominating conventions. Jackson then capitalized his racial (black) circumstance and challenged political personalities and organizational corporations (Steele A19). Despite Jackson’s strong impact to the country and American people during that time, his candidacy was expectedly marred with controversies. In fact, if he pursued his bid around that period, Jackson would have been prevented from being a political leader or worst, ended up not winning at all. The reason behind this is what Walton wrote as the Critical Election Theory wherein Jackson’s efforts to be the first Black U. S. President were questioned. Based from the presupposition of the said theory, his position that it was time for blacks to have their ways into the Democratic Party nomination and eventually the White House was evaluated in a manner that it would hurt Jackson more apparently due to his egotistical endeavors (Walton 49). However, the political arena has changed for the past two decades. As Barker wrote, the concern and uncertainty brought by the emergence of the black power and an increased awareness on the need for change created another level of enthusiasm for people to support now the black bids in the likes of Jackson and now with Barack Obama (Barker 3). Had Jackson made the bid this year or if he was the Democratic Party candidate against Sen. John McCain, he could have won the presidency just like Obama. The situation that catapulted Obama to the White House could have also been smartly utilized by Jackson to kick out the incumbent Republican President George Bush. If Jesse Jackson was the Democratic Party nominee for the 2008 elections, he could have handily beaten McCain just as well. Like Obama, Jackson possesses the charms and eloquence which convinced Americans to go for change – change in their perception of politics, change in their views on racial discrimination, change to accept a new brand of leadership and change for a better and different United States of America. Obama was simply lucky that a confluence of events conspired to generate a feeling of anger and disgust in the hearts and minds of the American people on the mess created by President Bush who was perceived as insensitive and stubborn. Add to it McCain’s image of being conservative just like Bush. And both gentlemen were devastated by hurricane â€Å"Change† of Obama that in the process swept the Chicago first term congressman to the world’s most powerful post. Jesse Jackson should, in fact, be credited for paving the way for â€Å"non-whites† to be accepted by the Americans on the national scale. Yes, a lot of Black Americans, Asian Americans and European Americans, among others, won elective positions in several states but only few managed to be recognized as serious contenders for the United States presidency. With Obama’s victory, it won’t be difficult anymore for â€Å"colored† Americans to vie or the White House. America has truly matured into becoming the world’s melting pot of diverse cultures. Gone are the days that the whites dominate just practically all facets of American life. So when Jesse Jackson introduced himself as a Black presidential contender, it was just a matter of time before America installs a colored man or woman as their president. And just like Jackson, Barack Obama, despite his being a neophyte in politics, came at the right time when America was absolutely ready for change.