The Halayeb Triangle

The Halayeb Triangle (map), also sometimes called the Hala’ib Triangle is an area of disputed land located on the border between Egypt and Sudan. The land covers an area of 7,945 square miles (20,580 square kilometers) and is named for the town of Hala’ib which is located there. The presence of the Halayeb Triangle is caused by the different locations of the Egypt-Sudan border. There is a political boundary that was set in 1899 that runs along the 22nd parallel and an administrative boundary that was set by the British in 1902. The Halayeb Triangle is located in the difference between the two and since the mid-1990s Egypt has had de facto control of the area. History of the Halayeb Triangle The first border between Egypt and Sudan  was set in 1899 when the United Kingdom  had control over the area. At that time the Anglo-Egyptian Agreement for Sudan set a political boundary between the two at 22nd parallel or along the line of 22ÌŠ N latitude. Later, in 1902 the British drew a new administrative boundary between Egypt and Sudan which gave control of the Ababda territory that was south of the 22nd parallel to Egypt. The new administrative boundary gave Sudan control of land that was north of the 22nd parallel. At that time, Sudan controlled about 18,000 square miles (46,620 sq km) of land and the villages of Hala’ib and Abu Ramad. In 1956, Sudan became independent and the disagreement over the control of the Halayeb Triangle between Sudan and Egypt began. Egypt  considered the border between the two as the 1899 political boundary, while Sudan claimed that the border was the 1902 administrative boundary. This led to both Egypt and Sudan claiming sovereignty over the region. In addition, a small area south of the 22nd parallel called Bir Tawil that was formerly administered by Egypt was claimed by neither Egypt nor Sudan at this time. As a result of this border disagreement, there have been several periods of hostility in the Halayeb Triangle since the 1950s. For example in 1958, Sudan planned to hold elections in the region and Egypt sent troops into the area. Despite these hostilities, however, both countries exercised joint control of the Halayeb Triangle until 1992 when Egypt objected to Sudan allowing exploration of the region’s coastal areas by a Canadian oil company. This led to further hostilities and an unsuccessful assassination attempt on Egypt’s then-president Hosni Mubarak. As a result, Egypt strengthened control of the Halayeb Triangle and forced all Sudanese officials out. By 1998 Egypt and Sudan  agreed to begin working on a compromise as to which country would control the Halayeb Triangle. In January 2000, Sudan withdrew all forces from the Halayeb Triangle and ceded control of the region to Egypt. Since Sudan’s withdrawal from the Halayeb Triangle in 2000, there are often still conflicts between Egypt and Sudan over control of the region. In addition, the Eastern Front, a coalition of Sudanese rebels, states that it claims the Halayeb Triangle as Sudanese because the people there are more ethnically related to Sudan. In 2010 the Sudanese President Omer Hassan Al-Bashir said, â€Å"Halayeb is Sudanese and will stay Sudanese† (Sudan Tribune, 2010). In April 2013 there were rumors that Egypt’s President Mohamed Morsi and Sudan’s President Al-Bashir had met to discuss a compromise of control over the Halayeb Triangle and the possibility of giving control of the region back to Sudan (Sanchez, 2013). Egypt denied those rumors however and claimed that the meeting was simply to strengthen cooperation between the two nations. Thus, the Halayeb Triangle still remains in Egypt’s control while Sudan claims territorial rights over the region. Geography, Climate, and Ecology of the Halayeb Triangle The Halayeb Triangle is located on the southern border of Egypt and the northern border of Sudan. It covers an area of 7,945 square miles (20,580 square kilometers) and has coastlines on the Red Sea. The area is called the Halayeb Triangle because Hala’ib is a large city within the region and the area is shaped roughly like a triangle. The southern border, about 180 miles (290 km) follows the 22nd parallel. In addition to the main, disputed portion of the Halayeb Triangle there is a small area of land called Bir Tawil that is located south of the 22nd parallel at the triangle’s westernmost tip. Bir Tawil has an area of 795 square miles (2,060 sq km) and is not claimed by Egypt or Sudan. The climate of the Halayeb Triangle is similar to that of northern Sudan. It is normally very hot and receives little precipitation outside of a rainy season. Near the Red Sea, the climate is milder and there is more precipitation. The Halayeb Triangle has a varied topography. The highest peak in the region is Mount Shendib at 6,270 feet (1,911 m). In addition, the Gebel Elba mountain area is a nature reserve that is home to Elba Mountain. This peak has an elevation of 4,708 feet (1,435 m) and is unique because its summit is considered a mist oasis because of intense dew, mist and high levels of precipitation (Wikipedia.org). This mist oasis creates a unique ecosystem in the region and also makes it a biodiversity hotspot with over 458 plant species. Settlements and People of the Halayeb Triangle The two major towns within the Halayeb Triangle are Hala’ib and Abu Ramad. Both of these towns are located on the Red Sea coast and Abu Ramad is the last stop for buses bound for Cairo and other Egyptian cities. Osief is the closest Sudanese town to the Halayeb Triangle (Wikipedia.org).Because of its lack of development, most of the people living within the Halayeb Triangle are nomads and the region has little economic activity. The Halayeb Triangle is however said to be rich in manganese. This is an element that is significant in the production of iron and steel but it is also used as an additive for gasoline and is used in alkaline batteries (Abu-Fadil, 2010). Egypt has currently been working to export ferromanganese bars to produce steel (Abu-Fadil, 2010). Due to the ongoing conflict between Egypt and Sudan over control of the Halayeb Triangle it is clear that this is an important world region and it will be interesting to observe whether it will remain in Egyptian control.

Juvenile Prostitution Crimes Essay - 1076 Words

Juvenile prostitution could be define as the time in which a teenage under the age of 18 engage in sexual activities in exchange of money, property, or for mainly other reason than satisfy one emotional or sexual needs. When we think of juvenile prostitution we usually think that these grills sell their self for pleasure or because they want to but, the reality is that this crime is escalating to a level that our teenagers are becoming like slave in the 2009 this crime is getting worst and our community is not concern that this people are usually tacking our teenagers to prostitute them. Back in the century like in the 1800’s, juvenile prostitution was legally and sociable accepted but this change with the Mann ACT law in the 1910,†¦show more content†¦These youth rarely have the chance to experience the simple joy of being teenagers. They often suffer pain, humiliation and degradation in the hands of their pimps and costumers. Pimps are the men or women ho rape or t ake the illegal custody of these kids to sell them in the world of prostitution. Costumers or you could said the consumers are usually reach people (politics), gangs and sometime just regular mans from the community who don’t care about the suffering of this youth but to satisfy their own sexual need. The effect of juvenile prostitution in our society is getting worst and victims of juvenile prostitution will often abuse their own children, which is way juvenile prostitution has risen to such an unbelievable level. These teenagers don’t only go true all these troubles they are often expose to sexually transmitted disease and unwanted pregnancies. But their customers are also in the risk of getting any viral disease and then transmitted to their wife and in many cases to their children which will propagate all this virus disease to the community. Juvenile prostitution is often most of the time not voluntary and is accompanied by fear, hunger, and many more circumstance. For other youth prostitution is the only way of making money quickly. This is the brain wash that they resive at the bigining that they are recruited by women’s who are prostitutes and are in charge by their pimps toShow MoreRelatedThe Harmful Effects of Juvenile Prostitution Essay1749 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile prostitution is a great problem and not many people are aware of it. In some cases juvenile prostitution start as a voluntary act but in other cases there are grills ho are being kidnap just with the purpose of selling them for sex. I personally pick to inform you about juvenile prostitution because I am interested in making a difference in our teenager’s world I want them to walk freely on the street. 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Linking Media with Fitness Perceptions A Study on the Affect of Media Essay Example For Students

Linking Media with Fitness Perceptions: A Study on the Affect of Media Essay on Fitness and Body Image Linking Media with Fitness Perceptions: A Study on the Affect of Media Essay on Fitness and Body Image Abstract This research examined the media and how it affects fitness and body image. This was assessed by collecting data from surveys taken by three groups of ten high school students, five of each sex. Two of the three groups were exposed to different media packages, one depicted images of unnaturally thin individuals, the other depicted athletic figures, while the third group was exposed to no prior data. The results indicate the students attitudes towards social fitness views and self-acceptance. It was my hypothesis that a correlation between media and the fitness concept will be found but the idea of a personal body image will remain fixed as body image is a determined part of ones psyche. A significant correlation was discovered between those who viewed the thin package and their attitudes on social fitness. However a low score in the self- acceptance scale in all three groups suggests a low self-concept within all participants. This supports my statement that there would be a connection between the fitness concept and the media packages as well as a constant self- concept maintained by all participants. In assessing personal attitudes it is often important to measure not only what an individual feels towards others but also his/herself. Prior research indicates this is especially important when measuring attitudes towards physical issues. It has been found that opposing views may be held simultaneously by individuals in regards to themselves and others. Also concern for how a response will reflect upon his/herself may negate an individual expressing his or her true attitudes. This research sought to assess the attitudes of high school students towards fitness and body image in the presence of different physical media icons. By monitoring the individuals response to both a third person scale and a personal scale, true attitudes can be assumed. In this study, the different groups were the independent variable, here in described as Group A, those exposed to the thin images, Group B, those exposed to athletic images, and Group C, those exposed to no images or the control group, whereas the groups score was the dependent variable. The surveys were distributed to thirty students, ten in each group, five of each sex. The dependent variable, in the Social Fitness Attitudes Scale, reflects the individuals attitude towards fitness in society and in a dating atmosphere. The higher the individuals score the more they are influenced by society, with a score of 46 being the accepted indication of society influence. In the Self Acceptance Scale, the lower the individuals score the lower their self concept with scores between 36-110 indicating low self acceptance, 111-150 average self acceptance, and 151- indicating high self acceptance. Throughout the use of both a general survey and a specific survey, true attitudes of students towards fitness and body image in the light of society have been recorded. Methods Participants Participants of this study were students of F.J. Brennan High School. For the purposes of this study, 30 participants were randomly chosen, creating 3 groups of 10 with 5 members of each sex. Consent was obtained from the individual before being surveyed. Anonymity of the participants was maintained by using no identifying information to make the comparisons. Measures The study employed the use of 2 surveys and 1 sheet of non identifying information. The first survey, Social Fitness Attitudes Scale, was used to study the individuals views on fitness in society and in a dating atmosphere. The second survey, Self Acceptance Scale, was used to illustrate the participants personal views on confidence in regards to others. .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146 , .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146 .postImageUrl , .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146 , .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146:hover , .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146:visited , .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146:active { border:0!important; } .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146:active , .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146 .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2aa34c370ea6cdcd406a8c65d2f41146:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: More Than Just a Shirt Essay These were followed by a brief sheet which asked for optional statistical information such as age and fitness status. Procedure Prior to the testing Group A was exposed to a package of images reinforcing a thin body, Group B was exposed to a package of images which reinforced an athletic build, whereas Group C was exposed to no such packages at any time during the survey. Once the testing was complete each participant was debriefed as to what the data would be used for and what each survey would reflect. With the surveys scored using their assigned keys computer analysis was used to obtain an Independent Sample t Test. Results Each survey was scored with its assigned scoring key, as depicted in Psychology for Living. The scores revealed by both Groups A and B show attitudes toward fitness influenced by society, A- t (18) = -4. 330, .

Sputnik Essay Research Paper Sputnik name of free essay sample

Sputnik Essay, Research Paper Sputnik, name of the first of several unreal orbiters launched by the Soviet Union from 1957 to 1961. The ends of the Sputnik plan included analyzing the Earth # 8217 ; s upper atmosphere, detecting carnal endurance in infinite flight, and proving Soviet projectile engineering. The launch of the remote-controlled Sputnik 1 and of Sputnik 2, which carried a Canis familiaris, spurred the United States to put more money and resources into its fledgeling infinite plan, originating a race between the two states to set down a individual on the Moon ( see Space Exploration ) . The Sputnik plan began on October 4, 1957, with the launch of Sputnik 1, which weighed 83 kilogram ( 184 pound ) . The official name of the orbiter was Iskustvennyi Sputnik Zemli ( fellow universe traveller of the Earth ) . The launch vehicle was a trial version of the Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile ( see Guided Missiles ) . Sputnik 2 was launched on November 3, 1957, and weighed 508 kilogram ( 1100 pound ) . It carried a female Canis familiaris named Laika. We will write a custom essay sample on Sputnik Essay Research Paper Sputnik name of or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On-board instruments showed that Laika survived in infinite for several yearss until her O supply was exhausted. After neglecting in its first effort, the United States launched its ain orbiter, Explorer 1, on January 31, 1958. The orbiter weighed merely 14 kilograms ( 31 pound ) , including its projectile motor. The Soviets responded by establishing Sputnik 3, which weighed 1.3 metric dozenss, on May 15, 1958. The first three Sputnik satellites each carried instruments to mensurate the temperature and denseness of the Earth # 8217 ; s upper atmosphere, the negatron denseness of the ionosphere, and the size and figure of micrometeoroids ( bantam atoms in infinite ) . In add-on, Sputnik 3 carried the first infinite research lab, a broad array of instruments that coul 500 transmit information about the environment outside the orbiter. Solar energy was used for the first clip by Sputnik 3 to power its instruments and senders. From 1958 to 1959 the Soviet Union interrupted the Sputnik plan to concentrate on the Luna series of vehicles that were sent toward the Moon. The Sputnik plan was resumed with Sputniks 5 through 10, which were launched from 1960 to 1961. Sputniks 5, 6, 9, and 10 all carried Canis familiariss, most of which reentered the Earth # 8217 ; s atmosphere safely and were recovered. These orbiters each weighed several thousand kgs and were working theoretical accounts of the Vostok ballistic capsule, which would finally transport the first human rider, Yury Alekseyevich Gagarin, into infinite in April 1961. Sputniks 7 and 8, launched in February 1961, served as launching platforms for the Venera ballistic capsule, which were sent toward Venus. The Cosmos series of ballistic capsule carried on the work of the Sputnik plan after 1961. In add-on to originating the infinite race between the United States and the Soviet Union, the Sputnik series of ballistic capsule besides had dismaying military deductions. The intercontinental ballistic missiles that were used to establish the Sputnik orbiters were besides capable of going from the Soviet Union to military marks in less than an hour-much less than the several hours required for conventional bomber aircraft. President Dwight D. Eisenhower of the United States reacted to the infinite race by subscribing the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, which created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) . Eisenhower besides established the Advanced Research Projects Agency ( now the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ) , a division of the U.S. Department of Defense.