Sputnik Essay Research Paper Sputnik name of free essay sample

Sputnik Essay, Research Paper Sputnik, name of the first of several unreal orbiters launched by the Soviet Union from 1957 to 1961. The ends of the Sputnik plan included analyzing the Earth # 8217 ; s upper atmosphere, detecting carnal endurance in infinite flight, and proving Soviet projectile engineering. The launch of the remote-controlled Sputnik 1 and of Sputnik 2, which carried a Canis familiaris, spurred the United States to put more money and resources into its fledgeling infinite plan, originating a race between the two states to set down a individual on the Moon ( see Space Exploration ) . The Sputnik plan began on October 4, 1957, with the launch of Sputnik 1, which weighed 83 kilogram ( 184 pound ) . The official name of the orbiter was Iskustvennyi Sputnik Zemli ( fellow universe traveller of the Earth ) . The launch vehicle was a trial version of the Soviet intercontinental ballistic missile ( see Guided Missiles ) . Sputnik 2 was launched on November 3, 1957, and weighed 508 kilogram ( 1100 pound ) . It carried a female Canis familiaris named Laika. We will write a custom essay sample on Sputnik Essay Research Paper Sputnik name of or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On-board instruments showed that Laika survived in infinite for several yearss until her O supply was exhausted. After neglecting in its first effort, the United States launched its ain orbiter, Explorer 1, on January 31, 1958. The orbiter weighed merely 14 kilograms ( 31 pound ) , including its projectile motor. The Soviets responded by establishing Sputnik 3, which weighed 1.3 metric dozenss, on May 15, 1958. The first three Sputnik satellites each carried instruments to mensurate the temperature and denseness of the Earth # 8217 ; s upper atmosphere, the negatron denseness of the ionosphere, and the size and figure of micrometeoroids ( bantam atoms in infinite ) . In add-on, Sputnik 3 carried the first infinite research lab, a broad array of instruments that coul 500 transmit information about the environment outside the orbiter. Solar energy was used for the first clip by Sputnik 3 to power its instruments and senders. From 1958 to 1959 the Soviet Union interrupted the Sputnik plan to concentrate on the Luna series of vehicles that were sent toward the Moon. The Sputnik plan was resumed with Sputniks 5 through 10, which were launched from 1960 to 1961. Sputniks 5, 6, 9, and 10 all carried Canis familiariss, most of which reentered the Earth # 8217 ; s atmosphere safely and were recovered. These orbiters each weighed several thousand kgs and were working theoretical accounts of the Vostok ballistic capsule, which would finally transport the first human rider, Yury Alekseyevich Gagarin, into infinite in April 1961. Sputniks 7 and 8, launched in February 1961, served as launching platforms for the Venera ballistic capsule, which were sent toward Venus. The Cosmos series of ballistic capsule carried on the work of the Sputnik plan after 1961. In add-on to originating the infinite race between the United States and the Soviet Union, the Sputnik series of ballistic capsule besides had dismaying military deductions. The intercontinental ballistic missiles that were used to establish the Sputnik orbiters were besides capable of going from the Soviet Union to military marks in less than an hour-much less than the several hours required for conventional bomber aircraft. President Dwight D. Eisenhower of the United States reacted to the infinite race by subscribing the National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958, which created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) . Eisenhower besides established the Advanced Research Projects Agency ( now the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ) , a division of the U.S. Department of Defense.